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0. w. PINKNEY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Patented Nov. 10, 1896.

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(No Model.)

C. W. PINKNEY.

. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

No. 571,239. Patented Nov. 10, 1896.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. W. PINKNEYL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

No. 571,239. Patented Nov. 10, 1896.

UNITED STATES PATENT EEicE.

CHARLES WVILLIAM PINKNEY, OF SMETI-IYVIOK, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO TANGYES,LIMITED, OF BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTIONENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 571,239, dated November10, 1896. Application filed February 24:, 1896. Serial No. 580,454. (Nomodel) Patented in England November 27, 1898,1I0. 22,753-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES WILLIAM PINK- NEY, engineer, a subject ofthe Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at L Raglan Road,Smethwick, in the county of Stafford, England, have invented certainImprovements in InternaLCombustion Engines, (for which I have obtained apatent in Great Britain, No. 22,753, datedNovember27,1893,) of which thefollowing is a specification.

The object of my invention is principally to simplify and improve theconstruction and operation of internal-combustion engines, such as areoperated by the combustion of petroleum or other hydrocarbon (which Iwill refer to as oil) with air, and this I effect by arrangements bywhich the heat resulting from the combustion of the successive chargesis employed to sufficiently heat a vaporizer or vaporizers to assist inthe complete vaporization of the oil taken in with the air for eachcharge and by which the complete mixing of the components of the chargeis effected before it enters the working cylinder, and, further, byWhich premature ignition is prevented and the objection due to depositof carbonaceous matter in the vaporizer is overcome.

My invention also relates to means whereby steady and efficientgoverning is effected in internal-combustion engines generally. Myinvention in the main is more especially intended for use in What areknown as two-to-one cycle-engines.

I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, of Which Figure 1 represents, partly in elevation and partlyin longitudinal section, one end of an internal-combustion engineconstructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan corresponding toFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the con1bustion-chamherand showing in elevation the governor mechanism. Fig. a is a plan of thegovernor mechanism, and Fig. 5 is a sectional detail showing a modifiedarrangement for regulating the escape of hot air from beneath the hoodof the vaporizer. Fig. 6 is a section showing the slide for opening andclosing the passage for the heat of the lamp to the hood around thevaporizer.

The valve A, which controls the inlet of the charge, has a broad seatwhich enables it to not only control the air-inlet passage E, but alsoto cover and uncover the opening B, (or openings,) through which oil isadmitted, thereby rendering unnecessary the usual oilsupply valve. Thevalve A may be held to its seat normally by a spring 0, adjustable bylock-nuts D. The air and oil are admitted by the said valve A into thevaporizer G, which opens into the combustiomchamber J, which in turnopens into the working cylinder. (Not shown.)

The vaporizer G is preferably made wider next the inlet-valve, as at g,it then being contracted, as at 9 and afterward widening again, as at g,and then opening into a con tracted passage 9 by which communicationwith the co1nbustion-chamber J is established, as this insures athorough mixing of the components of the charge. The said passage 9 ismade of such a length as to allow the part g of the vaporizer G, withwhich it communicates, to be at such a distance from thecombustion-chamber as to guard against premature ignition of the chargeby heat derived from the said combustion-chamber.

At the side of the vaporizer G, preferably that side which is farthestfrom the combustion-chamber J, I secure an ignition-tube K, opening intothe said vaporizer G. The vaporizer G is heated in the first instance bya lamp G which can, after the engine is at Work, be moved to underneaththe ignitiontube K upon the bracket K In starting the engine thefly-wheel is moved around so that the vacuum which tends to form in theworking cylinder as the piston thereof moves outward causes theinlet-valve A to open, so that air and oil are drawn in and getthoroughly mixed, the oil getting partially vaporized while passingthrough the hot vaporizer G and thence into the combustionchamber andcylinder. At the end of the charging-stroke the inlet-valve A closes,and during the return stroke of the piston in the Working cylinder thecharge of mixed air and partially-vaporized oil is compressed, part ofthe charge being forced back into the vaporizer G and ignition-tube K,the heat of the vaporizer G, assisted by the heat due to com pression,thoroughly vaporizing the oil, and the charge becomes explosive and theportion which enters the ignition-tube is ignited and causes the chargeto ignite and drive the piston forward in the working cylinder. At aboutthe end of the forward stroke the exhaust-valve Q, Fig. 3, opens andremains open during the return stroke, and so on during work.

I have found that deposit of carbonaceous matter in the vaporizer is dueto the low temperature of the incoming air and oil, and to overcome thisI provide means whereby the part at or near to which the air and oil areadmitted is heated to a degree to prevent such deposit. This can beeifected by surrounding the part of the vaporizer next or near to theinlet with a hood or surrounding sleeve 2, so that when the engine is atwork the heat from the vaporizer G enters between this hood or sleeve 2and the said part of the vaporizer. There may be holes N in the saidhood or sleeve 2, which can be opened and closed by the ring-valve P, asshown clearly in Fig. 5, to control the passage of the heated air and soenable the temperature at this part to be regulated. This opening andclosing can be eifected by hand or, if desired, bya connection from thegovernor. The heat of the lamp G which is heating the ignition-tube, maybe conducted under this hood, and the passages by which it is soconducted may be arranged to be opened and closed by gear operated bythe governor, so that the heat is only conducted from the said lamp whenthe engine has exceeded normal speed, and consequently when noexplosions are occurring. A convenient arrangement for this purpose isas follows:

The hood 2 around the vaporizer G may be provided with a chimney 3, andover the lamp may be a tube or chimney 4c with an opening for allowingthe heated products from the lamp to pass into the outer air, andanother opening 8, by which the said products can pass between the hood2 and vaporizer G. The openings 3* and 8 are opened and closed by acover or valve or covers or valves, with passages therein so arrangedthat when the one opening is closed the other is open. The said cover orvalve or covers or valves can be operated by hand, but preferably is orare operated by the governor in such a way that when the engine isworking at normal speed the opening 3*, bywhich the heated products fromthe lamp pass directly to the outer air, is open, while the opening 8,leading to the space between the hood and the vaporizer, is closed.\Nhen the engine exceeds the normal speed, the said cover or valve isoperated so as to close the opening by which the heated products passdirectly to the open air, and the other opening 8 is uncovered so thatthe heated products pass into the space between the hood and thevaporizer. Then the governor is of the kind hereinafter mentioned, theoperation of the said covers or valves may be effected through atwo-armed lever, one arm being acted upon by the ordinary lever actuatedby the pecker of the governor when the engine is working at normalspeed, so as to move the cover or valve into the position first abovenamed, if it be not already in that position, the other arm of the saidlever being acted upon (to reverse the position of the cover or valve)by a lever which the pecker only operates when the said pecker is thrownclear of the ordinary lever on the engine eX- ceeding normal speed. Thisarrangement is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

The openings 3* and 8 are covered and un covered by the valve or slide5, sliding in guides and provided with openings at 6 and 7, sorelatively arranged that when one covers the one opening, 3* or 8, theother uncovers the other opening, 8 or 3*. \Vhen the engine is workingat normal speed, the pecker of the governor coming into contact with thelever 9, turning 011 a fixed pin 10, the stud 11 will push the lower armof the two-armed lever 12 (centered on the pin 13) into the positionshown in Fig. 3, and the upper end of the said lever 12 will act on theprojection 14: on the lever 15 (centered at 16) and move it into such aposition that the slide 5 will be moved by the forked end of the leverso as to cover the opening 8 and uncover the opening and allow the heatfrom the lamp to pass out by the opening Directly the engine increasesin speed beyond the normal the governor-pecker will jump over the top ofthe lever 9 and strike the lower end of the lever 15, which will thencause the slide 5 to move far enough to close the opening 3" and openthe passage through the opening 8, so that the heat from the lamp risingin the chimney 4: will pass by the opening 8 into the hood 2 and throughthe chimney 3, and so keep the inlet end of the vaporizer hot while theengineis running beyond its normal speed. Directly the speed of enginefalls to normal the pecker of the governor will strike the lever 9 andmove the double-end lever 12, and this will act on the projection 14,lever 15, and slide 5, so as to open the passage and close the passage8.

4" and 5* are covers which can be used if the passages through thechimney 4 and through the hood 2 and chimney 3 are to be controlled byhand. They will be removed or left open when the slide 5, operated bythe governor is employed.

In large engines I prefer to use more than one vaporizer for conveniencein starting, but it will only be necessary to heat one of them with alamp (that one being furnished with the ignition-tube) for startingpurposes, after which the heat generated during work will be sufficientto put the other vaporizer or vaporizers into operation and keep themheated, as is the case when using but one vaporizer.

The water-space surrounding the combustion-chamber I prefer to be indirect communication with the water-space surrounding the workingcylinder.

The governing I prefer to effect by means of an incline governor, suchas is described in the specification of Letters Patent No. 504:, 613,

ICC

granted to me September 5, 1893, so arranged, however, as to allow theexhaustevalve to be operated when the engine is working normally and tocause it to be spragged open when normal speed is exceeded.

I employ the usual lever 9 of the incline governor, which lever is actedupon by the pecker at, having an inclined surface a coming against aprojection or roller 1), so that when the normal working of the engineis exceeded the incline surface a comes in contact with the projectionor roller and the pecker is thrown and passes clear of the lever 9without operating it. Withthis lever is combined a stop, which isbrought clear of the exhaustvalve lever when the governor-lever isoperated by the pecker when the engine is working at normal speed orless; but when this speed is exceeded the said stop is not removed, andso prevents the exhaust-valve lever returning and the exhaust-valve Qclosing until the engine resumes its normal speed. This can be effectedby a tumbler (Z, centered in proximity to the governor-lever 9, andhaving a stop 0 at one end and a counterweight at the other end. Thistumbler is connected (preferably by a spring connection, as shown at e)to the governor-lever 9 in such a way that when the said lever 9 ismoved by the pecker ct in the ordinary working of the engine the tumblercl is also moved to cause its stop 0 to allow of the return of theexhaustvalve lever Q; but when the engine exceeds its normal speed andthe pecker a does not operate the governor-lever 9 the stopo is in sucha position that it obstructs the return of the exhaust-valve lever Q bycoming against the catch f, and so sprags the exhaust-valve Q open, andthen the exhaust-gases flow in and out of the cylinder and the air andoil inlet valve A does not open. In this way the vaporizers heat isretained. When the e11- gine returns to its normal speed and the peckera operates the governor-lever 9, this causes the aforesaid stop 0 to beremoved from the path of the catch f, to allow the exhaust-valve lever Qto move and the exhaustvalve Q to close when it is not operated upon bythe cam II, which opens it. Although I have shown this spraggingarrangement as applied to an incline governor, it is not lim ited tosuch governors, as it can be employed with other governors, the stop 0being brought into and out of the path of the catchf by the action ofthe governor after the manner hereinbefore described.

Having now particularly described and as certained the nature of thesaid invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declarethat what I claim is- 1. In a petroleum-engine the combination with thevaporizer, of a heat retaining hood surrounding the same at the inletportion thereof to retain heated air to prevent the deposit ofcarbonaceous matter in the vaporizer, a lamp or heater, a tube orchimney over the same having passages therefrom one for discharging thegases from the lamp int-o charging the gases from the lamp into theatmosphere and another leading to the hood for supplying heat thereto, avalve for opening the passage to the atmosphere and closing that to thehood during the normal working of the engine, and means forautomatically operating said valve to close the passage to theatmosphere and open that to the hood when the normal speed of the engineis exceeded and no explosions take place, substantially as described.

3. In a petroleum-engine, the combination with the actuating-lever ofthe inlet-valve mechanism, of a pecker adapted to operate said leverduring the normal running of the engine, but to be lifted out of thepath of said lever when excessive speed is attained, a suitably-actuatedlever for opening the exhaust-valve of the engine at proper intervals, astop in the path of said lever, connections between the stop and theactuating-lever of the inlet-valve whereby movement of the latter duringthe normal running of the engine withdraws the stop from the path of thelever of the exhaust-valve, allowing the same to close, but remains inthe path of said lever and holds the exhaust-valve open during therunning of the engine at abnormal speed, substantially as described.

4. In a petroleum-engine, the combination with the vaporizer, of aheat-retaining hood surrounding the same at the inlet portion thereof toretain heated air, a lamp or heater, a tube or chimney over the samehaving passages therefrom, one for discharging the gases from the lampinto the atmosphere and another leading to the hood for supplying heatthereto, a valve for opening the passage to the atmosphere and closingthat to the hood during the normal running of the engine, anactuating-lever for said valve arranged in proximity to the pecker ofthe inlet-valve-operating mechanism, whereby when excessive speed isattained the pecker engages and 0p erates the lever to automaticallyclose the passage from the lamp to the atmosphere and open that from thelamp to the hood, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES WILLIAM PINKNEY.

Witnesses:

FREDERICK JOHN EDWARDS, JOHN HERBERT CHANDLER.

